Virtual Observatories

Virtual Observatories

1. IVOA

International Virtual Observatory Alliance (IVOA) | Documents - Working Drafts | IVOA Logo | IVOA Web Changes | IVOA people
15 member organizations | members
IVOA Roadmap
IVOA Systems Architecture
IVOA Executive Committee Meeting (FM9) 2004. 1. 29, Garching
IVOA Interoperability meeting (=Working group meeting)

IVOA InterOp meeting (2004. 9. 27 Mon- 9. 29 Wed) IUCAA, Pune, India | IVOA Interoperability meeting, May 2005 | IVOA Interoperability meeting, Sep 2004
InterOpMay2005 Res Registry
VOQL | Grid and Web Services

IVOA Interoperability meeting - May 2004 24-28 May 2004, CfA, Cambridge, Mass., USA | Plenary Sessions | 1. Registry | 2. DM | DM - Notes | 3. UCD | 4. VOTable | 5. DAL | DAL - query interface | | 6. VOQL | 8. Grid & Web Services | Architecture IG | Applications IG | Theory IG

InterOpOct2003 - 1. Registry | 2. DM WG | 5. DAL WG

IVOA Interoperability meeting - May 2003 12-16 May 2003, IoA, Cambridge, UK

IVOA Interoperability meeting - October 17, 2002 Baltimore, Maryland, USA (after ADASS XII)

1. IVOA Resource Registry | Registry Interface Specification | VO Resource v0.10: Notes for Revision | VOResource v0.10 and its Standard Extensions | VOResource v0.9 and its Standard Extensions | Early Versions of VOResource (<=0.8.3) | Discussion of VOResource v0.10 | Describing Services with VOResource v0.9 | Registry Metadata | Registry Work Package 3 (Rwp03): Metadata Specifications | IVOA Identifiers v1.1 | Specifications Development | References and Background | Registry Query | Registry Tutorail at ADASS XIII | IVOA Client Package (formerly Registry Package) `NVO/VOTable/java/ovoaclient' | Resource Metadata | Resource Metadata V1.01 2004. 4. 26 | Resource Metadata V1.0 specification PR(Proposed Recommendation) 2004. 1. 26 | Resource Metadata RFC(Request for Comments) | Resource Identifier | OAI (Open Archives Initiative) | Registry Work Package 4 (Rwp04): Registry Replication & Interfaces | Registry Work Package 5 (Rwp05): Implementation coordination (led by Roy Williams) | 2004. 1. 29 WG report

2. Data Model (DM) | Data Model Flux | Data Model Spectra | Data Model Wave | Data Model Passband | Data Model Chained Passband | Data Model Photon | Data Model Photon - frequency/wavelength/energy
Data Model - data exchange | Data Model - Spectra Work Package | Interferometry (radio) Work Package | Science Requirements, Use Cases | Minutes on 16 Oct 2003 | Quantity Data Model Work Package | Data Model - Observations Work Package | Data Model - Transforms Work Package | Data Model - Quantity Work Package | Interferometry (radio) Data Model Work Package | Radio Data Providers questionnaire | Automated Clustering Algorithms for Classification of Astronomical Objects astro-ph/0403431, Yanxia Zhang, Yongheng Zhao (accepted by A&A) | Proposal for a quantity based data model in the Virtual Observatory astro-ph/0312604, Brian Thomas & Edward Shaya | 2004. 1. 29 WG report
Data Model FAQ

3. UCD (Unified Content Descriptors) | Overview draft (2003. 6. 18) | UCD (CDS)
UCD RFC (Request for Comments)

4. VO Table
VOTable RFC(Request for Comments) | VO Data eXchange format | VO List: initial proposal
VO Table Software (Java [JAVOT, SAVOT, STIL], C++) | Open Office
conVOT - A Tool for converting ASCII and FITS files to VOTables made by VO-India on 2004. 1. 13
2004. 1. 29 WG report

5. Data Access Layer (DAL) | Simple Spectral Access (SSA) - survey | Survey among Spectral Data Providers and Consumers | DAL Tutorial at ADASS XIII | 2004. 1. 29 WG report

6. VO QL(Query Language) ADQL | | Sky Node | 2004. 1. 29 WG report

7. Standards & Documents Acceptance Process | process document | 2004. 1. 29 WG report

8. Grid & Web Services | Grid & Grid & Web Services Tutorial at ADASS XIII | Single sign-on authentication for the Virtual Observatory | How to access 500,000 spectra via XML Web Services | Web-service technology used by IVOA members | Proposed standard for asychronous activities on web services | CDS Web services | 2004. 1. 29 WG report
Data Grid - Virtual Organization

9. IVOA VOEvent

IVOA Systems Architecture - Interest Group
Applications - Interest Group (Apps-IG) Tom McGlynn
Theory - Interest Group (Theory-IG) Gererd Lemson

2. Virtual Observatories of various countries

(1) National Virtual Observatory (NVO, US) | NVO demo
NVO Annual Report Oct 2003 - Sep 2004
Filter Profile Services
Jonathan McDowell (Chandra X-Ray Center) Data Model documents | mailing lists archived
NVO Science Definition Team (SDT) formed by the NSF and NASA, in the summer of 2001
NVO White Paper `Toward a NVO: Science Goals, Technical Challenges, and Implementation Plan' (astro-ph/0108115)
Cone Search
NVO demo 2004
vo web services.net in JHU | spectrum services for the VO | Access to spectral data through VO stds
grist.caltech - WSDL
DSpace - MIT | Fedora - Cornell product

(2) AstroGrid 2 - UK New partners : Leeds, Portsmouth, Exeter, Bristol
Collaborative Pages - wiki | Phase A report (Redbook) | AstroGrid 2 (2005 Jan -2007 Dec) - funded AstroGrid 1 completes Dec 2004.
AstroGrid Demo Dec 2004 | AG Project meeting #7 2004. 12. 14-15 NeSC | AG software release 0.7
AG Software Releases = Iterations | AG iteration 6 | AG iteration 7
AG software
UKIDSS | VISTA
AstroGrid science advisory group (SAG) | FM4 | Phase-B science drivers (science problem list) | seminars and talks - presentations
Beta Testing - current iteration | cuncurrent versions system (CVS)
eSTAR Project | eSTAR Catalogue Brokering Service | Starlink Project | Alasdair Allan
TOPCAT (Tool for OPerations on Catalogues And Tables)
MySpace
e-science research examples | e-science (Leiceter)
Common Execution Architecture (CEA) v0.1
Digital Curation Centre (UK)

(3) Euro-VO <-- Astrophysical Virtual Observatory (AVO)
Euro-VO Demo 2005 Jan 25 (Tue) - 26 (Wed)
VO definition
AVO Software Repository
Euro-VO tech AVO project closed formally 31 Oct 2004 - it was a phase A programme leading to Euro-VO. VOTECh is the first major part of Euro-VO - a technology development programme - 50% EU funded, 50% funded by the VOTECH partners. 3.3M euros over the next three years.
Euro-VO tech kickoff meeting 2004 Nov 18-19, IoA, Cambridge
AVO science - discovering missing BHs | missing BHs - pparc | AVO science - missing BHs driven out - ESO PR 040528 | AVO intranet | VO source code contributed by ESO is freely available under the GPL (GNU Public License) | Astrophysical Virtual Observatory (AVO) - old page
Doing science with prototype VO tools (Bob Mann, Mark Allen) 2003. 7. 2
Sixth Framework Programme (FP6)
ESO Press Release 24/02 - AVO First light | AVO Prototype Release (SWG - Science Working Group) AVO demo
ESO PR 26/01 - Europe's Astrophysical Virtual Observatory
ESO PR 27/01 - Virtual Telescope Observes Asteroid 2001 KX76
ESO PR 27/00 - Virtual Telescope Observes Extra solar planet
ASTROVIRTEL | publications
ESO PR 09/00 - ASTROVIRTEL First Light
ESO PR 26/00 - ESO/ST-ECF Science Archive Facility
ESO - Science archive facility
AVO - SWG Meeting 2004
LISA - Library and Information Services in Astronomy
CDS | CDS XML Web Services | CDS contributions to the AVO
Querator Query

(4) CVO (Canadian VO) | CADC (Canadian Astronomy Data Centre)

(5) VO India | IUCAA | Persistent Systems
conVOT - A Tool for converting ASCII and FITS files to VOTables

(6) German Astrophysical VO (GAVO)

(7) Australian VO | avo.atnf.csiro.au | www.atnf.csiro.au/projects/avo | Australian VO (by Ray Norris)

(8) Japanese Virtual Observatory (JVO) Masatoshi OHISHI, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8588 JAPAN
phone :+81-422-34-3575 (office), +81-90-3574-9474 (mobile) fax :+81-422-34-3840, e-mail:masatoshi.ohishi@nao.ac.jp
Digitized Sky Survey (DSS) in NAOJ

(9) Russian VO (RVO)
Oleg Yu. Malkov
Olga Dluzhnevskaya

(10) China-VO (entered IVOA on Oct 2002) | amateur.lamost.org
VOFilter
A new xsl stylesheet for VOTable 1.0 | USNO B1.0
VizieR Catalogue service
World Data Center (WDC) | WDC for Astronomy
WDC for Astronomy - Beijing Astronomical Observatory | BADC archives
Meeting : 2004 Nov 30 - Dec 5

(11) Korean VO

(12) DRACO (The Italian Datagrid for Research in Astrophysics and Coordination with the Virtual Observatory), VO Italy
<-- IDGAR (Italian Data Grid for Astrophysical Research), VO Italy
Astronomical Virtual Observatory | SkyEye (Optical Survey of all sky, DSS)

(13) F-VO (VO-France) | F-VO
tutorial - Standards and tools for the VO (in French)

(14) Hungarian VO (HVO) 2003. 11. 13 entered IVOA
A national grant of 50,000$ partly for the purposes of VO development have been attained for 4 years.
SDSS SkyServer

(15) Spanish VO (SVO) officially started in June 2004
Leaded by LAEFF (Laboratory for Space Astrophysics and Theoretical Physics)

(16?) Armenian Vo (ArVO) Areg Michaelian (aregmick_at_apaven.am) Finished digitization of the Markarian survey (First Byurakan Survey, FBS) and creation of a database of low-dispersion spectra for 20,000,000 objects at high galactic latitudes, the Digitized First Byurakan Survey, DFBS).
Plan to add the Second Byurakan Survey (SBS, a deeper but smaller survey), our other archives, and observations from our 2.6m telescope.

3. Other VOs

Digital Sky VO
ELODIE archive (astro-ph/0405025) spectrograph at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence 1.93m telescope
J. Moultaka, S. A. Ilovaisky, P. Prugniel, and C. Soubiran 2004, PASP, 116, 693
Grid Forum Korea
Mt. Wilson VO
Scan It Preservation and digitization of photographic plates
Sky View
Spectroscopic VO
Theory in a VO (TVO) - Peter J. Teuben (U. Maryland)
Virtual Solar Observatory (VSO) - US (Joseph B. Gurman at GSFC)
European Grid of Solar Observations (EGSO) (Robert D. Bentley)
Global Grid Forum (GGF) | GGF | gridforum - astro-rg
Pacific Rim Applications and Grid Middleware Assembly (PRAGMA) | PRAGMA 2 | PRAGMA 6 2004. 5. 16-18, Beijing

4. Conferences

2006 October : Moscos InterOp + small projects meeting

2006 August : Prague IAU Symposium 2005 December : another graduate school with the NVO

Astronomical Data Analysis Software & Systems (ADASS) :
ADASS XVII, 2007, London, UK

ADASS XVI, 2006

ADASS XV, Madrid, Spain 2005. 10.2(Sun)-5(Wed), Euroforum, El Escorial, Madrid, Spain, two day InterOp

ADASS XIV

ADASS XIII, 2003. 10. 12-17, InterOp Planery meeting

ADASS XII 2002. 10. 13-16 Baltimore, Maryland, USA

Workshop on VO Standards and Systems for Data Centres and Large Projects 2005. 6. 27 (Mon)-7.1 (Fri), ESO Headquarters, Munich, Germany

2005 May : InterOp - Kyoto

Global Grid Forum 13 2005 March 14(Mon)-17(Thu), Lotte Hotel, Seoul (Hosted by KISTI and GFK)
Global Grid Forum 12, 2004 October
5th IEEE/ACM International Workshop on Grid Computing (Grid 2004) 2004. 11. 8, Pittsburgh, USA | (held inconjunction with SuperComputing 2004)
IVOA Small Projects Meeting (2004. 9. 30 Thu- 10. 1 Fri) Pune, India | program
Science with LSST and Other Large Surveys: Community Access and Utilization of Future Archives- What will LSST do for You? 2004. 9. 20-22, U of Washington, Seattle
NVO summer school 2004. 9. 14-18, Aspen, Colorado
3rd IEEE International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications (IEEE NCA04) 2004. 8. 30-9.1, Cambridge, MA, USA
2nd International Summer school on grid computing 2004 2004. 7. 18(Sun)-30(Fri), Vico Equense (Naples), Italy
NEON Archive Observing School A summer school at ESO, 2004. 7. 14-24 | (Network of European Observatories in the North)
Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation | AT&I (SPIE International Symposium) Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom, 2004. 6. 21(ㅇ)-25(ㄱ)
Data Bases and Virtual Observatory for Galaxies 2004. 6. 17-18, Paris, France
ICCS'2004 (International Conference on Computational Science 2004. 6. 7-9, Krakow, Poland
Global Grid Forum 11 2004. 6. 6-9, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
Russian VO meeting - Future telescopes and VOs 2004. 6. 3-10, Moscow
Pacific Rim Applications and Grid Middleware Assembly (PRAGMA) 6th meeting, 2004. 5. 16-18, Beijing
Global Grid Forum 10, 2004. 3. 7-10

Web Service Resource Framework (WSRF) : The future of Grid and web services 2004. 1. 28 (Wed), London | registration
AVO SWG(Science Working Group) Meeting & AVO Demonstrations 2004 2004. 1. 27(Tue)-28(Wed), ESO, Garching
IVOA Small Projects Meeting 2003. 11. 26-28, Beijing, China | Pictures
Australian VO workshop 2003. 11. 17(Mon)-18(Tue), ATNF, Sydney
Pacific Rim Applications and Grid Middleware Assembly (PRAGMA) 5th meeting, 2003. 10. 22-23, Taiwan
2003. 10. 12-17 ADASS XIII, InterOp Planery meeting | VO Software & Standards Workshop 2003. 10. 12 Sunday
Global Grid Forum 9 2003. 10. 5-9, Chicago, USA
Grid Forum Korea (1) 2003. 8. 19-21 GFK 2003 Summer Workshop (Seoul)
(2) 2003. 8. 22-23 2nd Workshop on High Energy Physics Data Grid (Daegu)
IAU Joint Discussion 8, Large Telescopes & Virtual observatory: Visions for the future 2003. 7. 17(Thu)-18(Fri), Sydney, Australia | IVOA Technology Demonstrations at Sydney IAU
International Conference on Computational Science 2003 2003. 6. 2-4, Melbourne, Australia
ANITA (Australian National Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics) 2003. 1. 28-29 Observing the Synthetic Universe: Theoretical Astrophysics and the Virtual Observatory

The Virtual Observatory in Australia Workshop 2002. 11. 27-28
SPIE Conference Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation, Session AS 13 on Virtual Observatories, 2002. 8., Waikoloa, Hawaii

2002. 6. 10-14 Conference at Garching, Germany Toward an International Virtual Observatory: Scientific Motivation, Roadmap for Development and Current Status

AAS Special Session - Building a Virtual Observatory 2002. 6. 6, Albuquerque, USA
Virtual Observatory - discussed in Chile 2002. 4. 22
NVO Conference (2000. 6. 13-16, Caltech) Virtual Observatories of the Future (ASP Conference Series, Vol. 225)

IVOA events and Meetings (IVOA Twiki)

5. Related sites

Geneva Astronomical Data Centre "Integral Science Data Centre", Switzerland
Globus World in San Francisco
Manchester Computing - Supercomputing, Visualization & e-Science Centre OGSI::Lite - Perl Grid Services
maven - apache
NSF Middleware Initiative (NMI)
IAU Commission 5 (Documentation and Astronomical Data) | IAU Commissions
GNU Public License (GPL) | Common Public License (CPL) | IBM Public License (IPL) | Differences between IPL and CPL
mysql
oracle | oracle software downloads
W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) Process Document | W3C Architecture | w3c Technical Reports | OWL Web Ontology Language Reference
Web Services | Web Services Description Language (WSDL) - W3C Note
Object Management Group (OMG) | Unified Modeling Language (UML)
Standard Query Language (SQL) Tutorial | SQL introduction | PostgreSQL
web services.xml.com
xml - extensibility, XML vocabularies, and xml schema
XML 1.0 | XML introduction | w3c XML | NASA XML Group | Castor XML/XSD Schema | Java Architecture for XML Binding (JAXB) | Breeze XML Binder for Java | XMLP (Protocol) WG (Working Group) archives | XML and Databases | XML-DBMS (DataBase Management System) Version 1.01
Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 1.1 | Quick introduction to SOAP (CDS) | SOAP 1.2 | SOAP 1.2 Usage Scenarios | SOAP conventions | XQuery 1.0, XPath 2.0 Data Model | SOAP software implementations | case study 1 | case study 2 | case study 3 | case study 4 | case study 5

RPC (remote procedure calls)

JPEG header - adding information (JHU)
Digital Dig - Data mining in Astronomy (ASP)
Semantic web
Semantic Web Technologies for Searching and Retrieving Scientific Data
Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) : developed by Global Grid Forum (GGF)
| GGF, IPv6 | Open Grid Services Infrastructure (OGSI) | mono
Grid Computing
vo forum
NAOJ - SMOKA Science Archive
NAOJ - Digitized Sky Survey, IRAS Sky Survey Atlas (ISSA), Green Bank Sky Map | NAOJ - DSS Wide-Field
OECD - Global Science Forum (GSF) | OECD GSF 제 6차 총회 (2002.1.31-2.1) | Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 경제협력개발기구
STIMA (Scientific & Technological Information Management Association) 과학기술정보관리협의회
Elixir CFHT
Postdoctoral Scholar - Virtual Observatory Development (Posted on January 2003)
Contributions at astro-ph
Systinet.com
IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) | IETF - current Internet-Drafts | IETF Internet-Draft Shadow Directories (Mirror sites)
Intelligent Topic Manager (ITM)
XDF (eXtensible Data Format) (ADASS X, ASPCS 238 (2001) pp. 217-220)
DSP (Data Service Provider)
ASP (Application Service Provider)

6. Related papers and articles

  • astro-ph/0412541
    Title: The Multimission Archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute in the context of VO activities
    Authors: Inga Kamp, Randall Thompson, Alberto Conti, Dorothy Fraquelli, Tim Kimball, Karen Levay, Bernie Shiao, Myron Smith, Rachel Somerville, Richard L. White
    Comments: 5 pages, 4 figures, proceedings of the conference "Astronomical Data Analysis Software & Systems XIV", Pasadena, USA, October 2004, eds. P. L. Shopbell, M. C. Britton, and R. Ebert
  • astro-ph/0411333
    Title: Science with Virtual Observatory Tools
    Authors: P. Padovani (ESO)
    Comments: 10 pages, 2 figures, invited talk at the Astronomical Data
    Analysis Software & Systems XIV, Pasadena, USA, October 2004,
    P. L. Shopbell, M. C. Britton, and R. Ebert, in press
  • astro-ph/0408575
    Title: A-Stars and the Virtual Observatory
    Authors: P. Padovani (ST-ECF/ESO)
    Comments: 10 pages, 4 figures, invited talk at the IAU Symposium 224 "The A-Star Puzzle", Poprad, Slovakia, July 2004, J. Zwerko et al., in press
  • astro-ph/0407550
    Title: Astrocomp: a web service for the use of high performance computers in Astrophysics
    Authors: U. Becciani (1), R. Capuzzo Dolcetta (2), A. Costa (1), P. Di Matteo (2), P. Miocchi (2), V. Rosato (3) ((1) INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Italy, (2) Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita' di Roma "La Sapienza", Roma, Italy, (3) ENEA Casaccia Research Center, Roma, Italy)
    Comments: LaTeX with elsart.cls and harvard.sty (included). 7 pages. To be submitted to a specific journal
  • P. Padovani, M. G. Allen, P. Rosati, N. A. Walton
    2004 Sep, A&A, 424, 545-559 (astro-ph/0406056)
    Discovery of optically faint obscured quasars with Virtual Observatory tools
    PDF file with higher resolution figures available
  • Paolo Padovani, Mark G. Allen, Piero Rosati, Nicholas A. Walton
    2004 September, The Messenger, 117, 58-60
    First Science for the Virtual Observatory
  • Peter Schuecker, Hans Boehringer, Wolfgang Voges
    2004 June, A&A, 420, 61-74 (astro-ph/0403116)
    Detection of X-ray Clusters of Galaxies by Matching RASS Photons and SDSS Galaxies within GAVO
  • Matthew J. Graham, Roy Williams, S. G. Djorgovski, Ashish Mahabal, Charles Baltay, Dave Rabinowitz, Anne Bauer, Jeff Snyder, Nick Morgan, Peter Andrews, Alexander S. Szalay, Robert J. Brunner, Jim Musser
    astro-ph/0402616 (4 pages, 1 figure, published in ADASS XIII proceedings)
    Palomar-QUEST: A case study in designing sky surveys in the VO era
  • 2004, Science, 303, 499 (astro-ph/0401235)
    Title: Detection of a red supergiant progenitor star of a type II-plateau supernova
    Authors: S. J. Smartt, J. R. Maund, M. A. Hendry, C. A. Tout, G. F. Gilmore (IoA, Cambridge), S. Mattila (Stockholm Obs.), C. R. Benn (ING)
    Comments: Accepted for publication in Science, supporting online material available at http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~sjs/sn2003gd
  • Ian Foster 2003 April, The Grid: Computing without bounds, Scientific American, 60-67
  • James C. White II 2003 March-April, Seeing the sky in a whole new way, Mercury, 37-41
  • Geoff Brumfiel 2002 November 21, The heavens at your fingertips, Nature, 420, 262-264
  • 김상철, 김종수, 성현일, 김봉규, 임인성 (Sang Chul Kim, Jongsoo Kim, Hyun-il Sung, Bong Gyu Kim, In Sung Yim)
    2002 Nov 21-22, 가상천문대의 현황 (Status of Virtual Observatory) (in Korean), Astronomy & Space Science Database and Data Analysis, Korea Astronomy Observatory Workshop, (Chunan Sangrok Resort), 198-210
    Paper(gzipped postscript file)
  • David P. Anderson, & John Kubiatowicz 2002 March, The Worldwide computer, Scientific American, 28-35
  • Toni Feder 2002 February, Astronomers Envision Linking World Data Archives, Physics Today, pp. 20-22
  • Ian Foster 2002 February, The Grid: A New Infrastructure for 21st Century Science, Physics Today, pp. 42-47
  • Yong-Ik Byun, Won-Yong Han, & Mun-Suk Chun, 2002, YSTAR Survey of Halo RR Lyrae Stars, in "The Dynamics, Structure and History of Galaxies", Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series, Vol. 273, pp. 177-182
  • Alexander Szalay & Jim Gray 2001 September 14, The World-Wide Telescope, Science, Vol. 293, pp. 2037-2040
  • David R. Alves, A.P.S. Crotts, A. Bergier, P. Cseresnjes, A. Gersch 2003, Building the MEGA Image-Subtraction Pipeline in the Era of Virtual Observatories, in "Toward an International Virtual Observatory", June 2002, Garching bei Muenchen, eds. Gorski K.M., et al., 2 pages (astro-ph/0303534)
  • Tim Berners-Lee, James Hendler, & Ora Lassila 2001 May, The Semantic web, Scientific American, 28-37
  • Virtual Observatory papers at Astro-ph

    7. Related Proceedings

  • Brunner, Robert J.; Djorgovski, S. George; Szalay, Alex S. 2001, Virtual Observatories of the Future, ASP Conference Proceedings, Vol. 225. Edited by Robert J. Brunner, S. George Djorgovski, and Alex S. Szalay. San Francisco: Astronomical Society of the Pacific, ISBN: 1-58381-057-9, 2001.

  • Szalay, A. S. 2001, The National Virtual Observatory, Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems X, ASP Conference Proceedings, Vol. 238. Edited by F. R. Harnden, Jr., Francis A. Primini, and Harry E. Payne. San Francisco: Astronomical Society of the Pacific, ISSN: 1080-7926, p.3

    ※ 세계 각국에서 추진하고 있는 가상천문대들의 목록 (Brumfiel 2002)
    ※ 1$ = 1200 ￦
    이름 나라 예산(US$) 예산(￦) 예산사용기간
    NVO 미국 10,000,000 $ 12,000,000 천원 5년
    AstroGrid 영국 7,800,000 $ 9,360,000 천원 3년
    Astrophysical VO 유럽 3,900,000 $ 4,680,000 천원 3년
    Canadian VO 캐나다 2,800,000 $ 3,360,000 천원 2년
    Indian VO 인도 1,000,000 $ 1,200,000 천원 3년
    German Astrophysical VO 독일 600,000 $ 720,000 천원 2.5년
    Australian VO 호주 300,000 $ 360,000 천원 자료없음
    Japanese VO 일본 300,000 $ 360,000 천원 1년
    Russian VO 러시아 10,000 $ 12,000 천원 3년
    Chinese VO 중국 자료없음 자료없음 자료없음

  • KVO 게시판
  • Go to the Home Page of KVO | Go to KAO